World Wide Web and Its Journey from Web 1.0 to Web 4.0
World Wide Web
The web was created in 1989 by English scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva, Switzerland. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of web standards (such as the mark-up languages in which web pages are composed), in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic web.
The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. His browser was called World Wide Web and later renamed Nexus.By 1991 the World Wide Web was open for business. The introduction of www accelerated the growth of internet. The concept of www got accelerated with the creation of a web browser with graphical user interface for the web. Mosaic (1993) was one of the first graphical web browsers. Netscape, was the first commonly available web browser with a graphical user interface. 1998: Web publishing tools are now available, issuing an emergence of blogs.
Web was expressed by three innovations, typically associated with three phases: namely, the Web of documents (Web 1.0), the Web of people (Web 2.0) and the Web of data (the still-to-be-realised Web 3.0)
Web 1.0
Web 1.0 was first implementation of the web and it lasted from 1989 to 2005. It was define as web of information connections. According to the innovator of World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee considers the Web as “read-only” Web. It provides very little interaction where consumer can exchange the information together but it was not possible to interact with the website. The role of the web was very passive in nature. Web 1.0 was referred as the first generation of World Wide Web which was an of era static pages and content delivery purpose only. In other words, the early web allowed us to search for information and read it. There was very little in the way of user interaction or content contribution. Web 1.0 Technologies includes core web protocols: HTML, HTTP and URI.
The major characteristics of Web 1.0
- They have read only content.
- Establish an online presence and make their information available to anyone at any time.
- It includes static web pages and use basic Hypertext Mark-up Language.
The major limitations of Web 1.0
- The Web 1.0 pages can only be understood by humans (web readers) they do not have machine compatible content.
- The web master is solely responsible for updating users and managing the content of website.
- Lack of Dynamic representation i.e., to acquire only static information, no web console were available to perform dynamic events.
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is the second generation of web. This new model for information exchange, primarily featuring user-generated and user-edited websites, was called Web 2.0. The Web 2.0 saw many new service-oriented start-ups catering to a newly democratized Web. It was defined by Dale Dougherty in 2004 as a read-write web. The technologies of web 2.0 allow assembling and managing large global crowds with common interests in social interactions. Web 2.0 facilitates major properties like participatory, collaborative, and distributed practices which enable formal and in-formal spheres of daily activities on going on web. In other terms it resemble major distinct characteristics of Web 2.0 include “relationship” technologies, participatory media and a social digital technology which in term can also defined as the wisdom web, People-centric web and participative web. The facilities of reading and writing on the web make the web transaction bi-directional. Web 2.0 is not only a new version of web 1.0 but it also implies to flexible web design, creative reuse, updates, collaborative content creation and modification
in web 2.0 that should be considered as one of the outstanding feature of the web 2.0 is to support collaboration and to help gather collective intelligence.
The major characteristics of Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is instead a label coined by Tim O’Reilly and associates to reference the transition of the World Wide Web to a new phase of use and service development. The categorization can be used to elaborate on the understanding of Web 2.0 achieved through varied definitions.
- Technology Centric Definition: Web has become a platform with software above the level of a single device. Technology that is associated with blogs, wikis, podcasts, RSS feeds etc.
- Business Centric Definitions: A way of architecting software and businesses. The business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to internet as platform and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that of new platform.
- User Centric Definitions: The Social Web is often used to characterize sites that consist of communities. It is all about content management and new ways of communication and interaction between users. Web applications that facilitate collective knowledge production, social networking and increases user to user information exchange.
The major limitations of Web 2.0
- Constant iteration cycle of Change and Updates to services
- Ethical issues concerning build and usage of Web 2.0
- Interconnectivity and knowledge sharing between platforms across community boundaries are still limited.
Web 3.0
Web 3.0 is one of modern and evolutionary topics associated with the following initiatives of Web 2.0. Web 3.0 was first coined by John Markoff of the New York Times and he suggested web 3.0 as third generation of the web in 2006. Web 3.0 can be also stated as “executable Web”. The basic idea of web 3.0 is to define structure data and link them in order to more effective discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across various applications. It is able to improve data management, support accessibility of mobile internet, simulate creativity and innovation, and help to organize collaboration in social web.
Web 3.0 is also known as semantic web. Semantic web was thought up by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web. Web 3.0 is a web where the concept of website or webpage disappears, where data isn’t owned but instead shared, where services show different views for the same web or the same data. Those services can be applications (like browsers, virtual worlds or anything
else), devices or other, and have to be focused on context and personalization, and both will be reached by using vertical search.
The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by enabling users to find, share and combine information more easily. The Semantic Web, as originally envisioned, is a system that enables machines to “understand” and respond to complex human requests based on their meaning. Such an “understanding” requires that the relevant information sources be semantically structured.
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Fig. 1 Comparison Web1.0 ,Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 |
Web 4.0 and Future Web
Web 4.0 can be considered as an Ultra-Intelligent Electronic Agent, symbiotic web and Ubiquitous web. Interaction between humans and machines was motive behind the symbiotic web. Powerful as human brain, progress in the development of telecommunications, advancement on nanotechnology in the world and controlled interfaces using web 4.0. In simple words, machines would be clever on reading the contents of the web, and react in the form of executing and deciding what to execute first to load the websites fast with superior quality and performance and build more commanding interfaces Web 4.0 will be read write concurrency web. WebOS will be such as a middleware in which will start functioning like an operating system WebOS will be parallel to the human brain and implies a massive web of highly intelligent interactions.
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